Epilepsy Essays (404 words) - Channelopathies, Epilepsy,

Epilepsy Epilepsy is a genetic disorder that affects the parts of the brain similar to a computer. These parts communicate electronically. When this cant take place a seizure occurs. When a person has a series of recurring seizures they are usually diagnosed with epilepsy. People with the disorder have an electrical abnormity in there brain. Someone with the disorder will commonly have seizures and some may have asthma. Hippocrates the Greek physician is thought to have been the first to realize that epilepsy runs in families. Recent studies show that a persons chance is up to 4x higher is a blood relative has it. As the number of relatives with it grows so do the chances of getting it. Also the chances are greater if the relatives developed it at a young age. Both genes and environment cause epilepsy although genes are the greater of the 2 causes. Epilepsy is not a single genetic disorder but a group of similar disorders. There are 7 variations of epilepsy ? Cystatin B (on the 21 chromosome) This was the first type of epilepsy identified. This type is a progressive type of the disorder rare everywhere except in Finland ? KCNQ2 (on the 20 chromosome) This type of epilepsy only affects newborns. It disrupts the the gene for a protein that controls the potassium to the brain, which results in seizures. ? KCNQ3 (on the 8 chromosome) This is 70% the same as KCNQ2 but this also affects the heart n loss of hearing ? EPMR (also on the 8 chromosome) Also known as Northern Epilepsy, EPMR can cause seizures and even mental retardation. ? CHRNA4 (on the 20 chromosome) The symptoms of this varient of epilepsy is a series of night time seizures. Since it does not involve all the brain CHRNA4 is also know as partial epilepsy. It affects one of the chemicals used during the transmit ion of signals between neurons ? CHRNA7 benign rolandic epilepsy, and LYS which might also involve other genes is juvenile myoclonic epilepsy Though the variants of epilepsy can not all be cured there are medicines used to treat them. Julius Ceaser of ancient Roman times is believed to have had a type of epilepsy. Science

Major Assignment Essays

Major Assignment Essays Major Assignment Essay Major Assignment Essay This assignment requires students to compile a BUSINESS REPORT based on the attached news article and related questions. 2. This assignment must be done in pairs; individual assignments will not be accepted. Preferably, you must select a person from within your tutorial group as your assignment partner. 3. Your assignment MUST be word processed. Hand written assignments will NOT be accepted. 4. Ensure that your names, ID No’s, tutors name and tutorial day and time are stated clearly on the cover page, which can be downloaded from Moodle. 5. A penalty of 10% will be deducted each day or part thereof that the assignment is late. Check late assignment policy. 6. Use proper in text referencing, footnotes and a bibliography. Plagiarized/copied assignments will be awarded a ZERO (0) mark. 7. Font size of 12 should be used with single line spacing. 8. Word limit for this assignment is 1500 words. 9. All answers will have to be submitted into TURN-IT-IN on moodle on the due date. A submission box will be made available on moodle. 10. Case Article: Read â€Å"Wainivesi seeks mining lease extension† by Rachna Lal, Fiji Sun 5th March, 2013. A copy of the article is attached on next page] Required Compile a BUSINESS REPORT based on the following questions, in light of reading the case article and relevant readings. In writing your answers, you may provide quotes from the article to support your answer. Assume that you and your partner have been appointed as consultants and have been requested by the investors of Asia Pacific Resources Limited to provide them a business report in regards to the following: * Explain which underlying ‘accounting assumption’ is managing director Mathew Huggan most concerned about and the reasons for his concerns. * â€Å"For the investors, the Government and the landowners the only way in which to earn income from Wainivesi is by operating the mine. † * Clearly explain how each party would earn income from the Wainivesi mine. | * Evaluate whether ‘exploration costs’ for mining companies’ are assets? Why or why not? | * Evaluate whether the land on which the Wainivesi Mine sits, is an asset of Asia Pacific Resources Limited or the landowners. * | * Evaluate whether the company would have a liability in regards to the damages to the environment as a result of mining. * | ~THE END~

Socio-Cultural Effect on International Students Dissertation

Socio-Cultural Effect on International Students - Dissertation Example .. 6 2.1. Background literature †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 2.2. Focal literature †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 7 3. Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9 3.1. Provisional research questions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 13 3.2. Research design †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 3.3. Sa mpling †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14 3.4. Data collection instruments †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 14 3.5. Data collection †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14 3.6. Data analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 3.7. Time frame †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15 3.8. Ethical and Legal Considerations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...16 4. CONCLUSION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 16 5. References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ... countries for many reasons, and when they go to their new country, they have to deal with new beliefs, practices, mannerisms, and other components of the new culture. Some of the reasons for emigrating include work, school and marriage among others. However, the most challenging of these reasons for change is education. This is primarily due to the demands of day-to-day school life including getting decent grades to fulfil one’s dreams or sustain a scholarship, or the challenges of interacting with native students who may have pre-emptive misconceptions about foreigners. Moreover, the student is under pressure of learning more than the course content; for instance, one has to adopt the normal behaviours of natives, some of which may not be in line with their beliefs. In addition, the students have to familiarise with the native language and work on their accent when using English, which are the main language barriers and principal subjects of ridicule against foreign students. Finally, these students have to learn new places, including where to find utility services, go shopping, go for classes, and entertainment places among others. Canterbury Christ Church University has programs for helping foreign students settle in the new country including clear guidelines on requirements, process for course application, acquisition of student visas and others. However, the extent to which these forums help international students is not clear as many studies just focus on their availability. Background Information General According to BBC.co.uk (2009), the number of international students in United Kingdom universities has been on the rise, with over 48 per cent increase between 2000 and 2006. Moreover, students for beyond the European Union nearly doubled in a decade to

Artificial Intelligence Techniques Used In Autonomous Cars Research Paper

Artificial Intelligence Techniques Used In Autonomous Cars - Research Paper Example The robots ultimately take over their creators (Rouse). Physically, a robot contains the same components as humans have. In this scenario, a robot has some kind of motor, a portable physical structure, a power supply, a sensor system and a processing system "brain" that is responsible for controlling all of these components. Fundamentally, robots are human created forms of animal life but actually, they are machines which are intended to replicate human and animal behavior (Harris; Berlin). Artificial Neural Networks According to (Stergiou and Siganos), an artificial neural network is a data processing model that is inspired by the method of biological nervous systems information processing. Neural Network is also a renowned and heavily researched area of the AI. Stergiou & Siganos (2010) described that in the neural network field the working of the human neuron is copied into the computer-based systems. In addition, the neural network is an AI-based computer program which imitates t he human nervous systems’ working. It is based on the neural net which has weights on each node that can be adjusted to make suitable decisions. Such systems are typically seen in automatic driving systems that are under-research and at the early stages of development (Stergiou and Siganos; Laudon and Laudon). Autonomous Cars An autonomous car, is also known using a number of other names such as self-driving cars, driverless cars or robot cars. Basically, these cars are designed using artificial intelligence techniques with the purpose of supporting the human transportation facilities which are provided by a traditional car. In view of the fact that it is an autonomous vehicle, hence it can sense its atmosphere and navigate without requiring human interaction. Though, until now these robotic cars are mostly used as demo systems and prototypes, however, it is expected that in the future they will become more common.

Case project Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Project - Case Study Example Basically, Enron Corporation was established in 1985 and it dealt with issues related to energy. The executives practised off-book accounts which negatively impacted on the operations of the organisation. The executives of the company capitalised on the use of loopholes in the accounting system as well as poor financial reportage Hanson (1). Debts amounting to billions of dollars in projects and deals which did not succeed were hidden in the process. The company misrepresented its financial statements in order to portray a positive picture to the shareholders about its performance. Interestingly, the company sought to appeal to investors through falsehoods. In actual case, this was not the situation obtaining on the ground given that it hid its financial statements from public scrutiny. Such practice was blessed by the Chief Financial Officer, Andrew Fastow and other executives. The system adopted by the organisation in its operations contributed to a malfunction of the corporate culture. Emphasis was shifted to short term earnings which resulted in bad accounting practices. This came to light when the company refused to be censured about its performance by its unwillingness to reveal its balance sheet as well as other financial records. This practice is mainly viewed as unethical in business. The concept of ethics plays a significant role in shaping the operations of an organisation in different situations. Basically, business ethics refers to the values, principles and standards that operate within business and these attempt to make a distinction between something that is morally good from bad (Rossouw, 6). The value system of an organisation mainly shapes its ethical code of conduct. Thus, Desjardins (5), describes values as â€Å"essential and enduring tenets† that help define the company and are â€Å"not to be compromised for financial gain or short term expediency,† (DesJardins 2006:5). The opposite is exactly

Role of the Jury in the English Legal System

Role of the Jury in the English Legal System The jury trial is considered to be one of the most controversial elements of the justice system in the UK. The practice of trial by jury has shown over the years to have many disadvantages that which causes concern to society and must be reconsidered by Parliament. The key issues that have arisen of the years relating to the use of juries are a) the experience and intellect of the jurors making judgements in complex cases; b) the expensiveness and longevity of jury trials; and C) the fairness of jury selection. This essay shall try to critically analyse the role of the jury within the English legal system and explain why the jury trial should no longer play a part in the criminal and civil justice systems of the United Kingdom. Trial by jury was first introduced into the justice system in the twelfth century, however it was not a guarantee until many years later, when a clause within the Magna Carta stated that no free man shall be taken or imprisonedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦except by the lawful judgement of his peers or by the law of the land[1]. The role of the jury has since evolved from the medieval times and was completely formed in the 18th century into what it is today[2], with modern juries playing a vital role in assessing the facts of the case and, in the case of a criminal trial, determining whether the defendant is guilty beyond reasonable doubt, or in the case of a civil trial, deciding whether the claimant has the right to damages on the balance of probabilities. Towards the end of the 1900s, public attention started to be drawn towards problems arising with jury reliability, selection, experience, and bias. The Criminal Courts Review by Lord Justice Auld in 2001 was a crucial argument in the discussions concerning jury trials. Auld goes on to say that support for the jury system is not universal, especially among those who have been jurors.[3] This suggests that there is a considerable amount of negative opinion among former juror members about the jury system. The main drawbacks presented within this report were a) lack of experienced jurors who represent different social layers, b) poor ethnic minority representation, and c) the game character of the trial process, where the truth is not as important as victory.[4] The Criminal Justice Act 2003 did however alter the jury system and selection process by stating that a) if the judge ruling the case is satisfied, certain fraud cases and cases where a danger of jury tampering existed are not t o be tried by a jury; and b) the jury selection system had to be improved in order to provide more experienced and unbiased people representing different social groups and ethnic minorities.[5] Statistics have shown that jury trials are actually very rare. Only one in every hundred criminal trials are actually tried by jurors due to restrictions on the use of jury trials.[6] But it is not only the restrictions imposed that make access to jury trial very complicated. What also makes it complicated is the extortionate amount of money and long periods of time that must be put into each case, which puts jury trials at a disadvantage. These problems can make it extremely inconvenient and draining for both the defendant and, in particular, the members of the jury as they will have to spend a lot of their time getting through the necessary procedures and partaking in the actual trial. Jury trials can last from a couple days to many weeks, even months. During that period, members can be on a jury for more than one trial during their service.[7] In one instance, a juror failed to turn up for a trial as she found it really boring, resulting in the trial being suspended before continu ing with 11 jurors.[8] This suggests that sitting on a jury is not what is hyped up to be, and that the negatives vastly outweigh the positives of sitting on a jury. The qualification rules for jury selection has also been often criticised. According to the Juries Act 1974[9], the criteria to serving on a jury are: 1) the person should be registered as a parliamentary or local elector; 2) the person should not be less than 18 and no more than 65 years old; 3) the jury should have been ordinarily resident in the UK for a period of at least five years since his or her 13th birthday. The criterion set out in the Act is quite narrow and should be broadened in order to ensure better quality of juries. Ineligible persons include past and present members of the judiciary, other people who have been concerned with the administration of justice, the clergy and mentally ill people. The Criminal Justice Act 2003 also disqualifies individuals who have served a custodial sentence within the past ten years, received a lifetime custodial sentence, or are released on bail and awaiting trial at the time the jury is summoned.[10] However the issue is not in relati on to the qualification of jurors, but the mere fact that jurors are subject to human error. As the selection criteria is very narrow, there will be individuals who are well educated as well as not; some who are very responsible and some who are not; and individuals who are wanting get gain a better understanding of the case while others just wanting to get home as soon as possible. In the case of R v Litchfield,[11]it was up to the jury to decide whether or not negligence was gross negligence. As a result, the jurys verdict was confused and instructions from the judge had to be restated. It is clear to say that members of the jury in this case were either not educated well enough or had no experience at all in dealing a complex judgement, which is presumably the case with all jurors.[12] Many jurors do encounter problems that are far beyond their training and experience, as the lack of legal knowledge allows prosecutors to easily sway jurors to believe their assertions. But not only are jurors unskilled and inexperienced, they often disregard logic presented by the lawyers because of their prejudices, past experience, or moral sentiment. Some jurors may even follow the majority and make the same verdict as the stronger personalities. But the main problem is that, as jurors do not usually know the law and legal procedures, they are often unable to understand complex evidence or to assess the reliability of a witness or evidence. A research study by Matthews, Hancock and Briggs[13] shows that jurors fees very enthusiastic about their role in the trial process, however one third of jurors feel that it is inconvenient. The report also shows that well-educated skilled people and professionals are under-represented as only skilled manual workers and unskilled workers have enough time to be part of longer trials. From this, it is clearly obvious that the education level of many jurors is comparatively low. Approximately 60% of the respondents were confused and had difficulties while listening to evidence and following instructions. Furthermore, about 30% of jurors face a language barrier and would need a translator. Having a translator would make the evidence unclear as translations are not always presented in the right way. The study also shows that a third of jurors are uncomfortable being in a courtroom, but also 90% of jurors are satisfied with being a member of the jury and realise he meaning and importance of the role. Additionally, 30% of jurors are not well educated (do not have a degree) and 40% of people have no knowledge of the court process. These statistics are an indication that jury selection must vastly improve. All these issues can be ratified by giving jurors more detailed instructions before trial starts and balancing the number of people with different education levels. Cheryl Thomas states in her research that there are serious race disproportions in the jury structure and ethnic minorities are truly under-represented.[14] Thomas also agrees that instruction need to be more clear, simpler and broad as many jurors claim they have faced difficulties when studying such instructions. However, she also goes on to report that some of the problems concerning race stereotypes within the jury system are highly exaggerated, and have found no proof that white jurors are likely to be biased and make unfair verdicts. With that in mind, remedies must be made to ensure that it is a fair selection and that individuals from all backgrounds are represented in a jury trials. In 2007, the Ministry of Justice published the findings of the Jury Diversity Project[15] which revealed that most defendants in Crown Courts outside of London will be tried by an all-white jury. The role of the jury in the English legal system remains a controversial part of the judicial system. Complications have arisen by issues of jury selection; costs and longevity of each trials; and the experience and intellect of jury members summoned to partake as a jury member. With many sources proving that a) jurors lack the required intellect and experience to handle complex trials and make fair judgements; b) individuals from all backgrounds, especially ethnic minorities, are under-represented; and c) the length of time for jury selection and trial being too long for an individual to handle suggests that the whole process of jury trials need to be reconsidered. A number of former jurors tend to have more of a negative opinion on the use of juries due to the fact that they did not know much about the law, instructions were not given clearly, they could not tell whether to disregard a piece of evidence or not, along with many other issues. However while juries have been an integra l part of the judicial system and being assessed by ones peers and not by the judiciary seems fair, non-jury trials have had the least amount of criticism. It is clear to see that jury trials should no longer be a part of the legal system of England and Wales and that all aspects of a trial including analysing the facts of the case as well as the application of the law should only be the responsibility of the judiciary. Bibliography Cases R v Litchfield [2008] AC 507 (HL)] Legislations Criminal Justice Act 2003 Juries Act 1974 Books Cairns J and McLeod G, The Dearest Birthright of the People of England: The Jury in the History of the Common Law (1st edn, Hart publishing, 2002) Davies M, Croall H and Tyrer J, Criminal Justice: An Introduction to the Criminal Justice System in England and Wales (3rd edn, Pearson-Longman 2010) Gibson B, Criminal Justice Act: The Statute (1st edn, Waterside Press 2005) Gary Slapper and Kelly David, The English Legal System (8th edn, Routledge-Cavendish 2006) Articles JER Stephens, The Growth of Trial by Jury in England (1896) 10 HLR 150, 155 Michael Zander QC, Lord Justice Aulds Review of the Criminal Courts: A Response (2001)   UK Government Jury Service accessed 30 December 2016 Huddersfield Examiner Juror in Leeds court because she found trial boring Huddersfield Daily Examiner (Huddersfield, 21 February 2012) Linda Woolhether The Disadvantages of the Jury System accessed 2nd January 2017 Roger Matthews, Lynn Hancock and Daniel Briggs, Jurors perceptions, understanding, confidence and satisfaction in the jury system: a study in six courts (Home Office, May 2004) accessed 3 January 2017 Cheryl Thomas Are juries fair? (Ministry of Justice, February 2010) accessed 3 January 2017 Cheryl Thomas Diversity and Fairness in the Jury System (Ministry of Justice, June 2007) accessed 4 January 2017 [1] JER Stephens, The Growth of Trial by Jury in England (1896) 10 HLR 150, 155 [2] John Cairns and Grant McLeod, The Dearest Birthright of the People of England: The Jury in the History of the Common Law (1st edn, Hart publishing, 2002) [3] Michael Zander QC, Lord Justice Aulds Review of the Criminal Courts: A Response (2001)   [4] Malcom Davies, Hazel Croall and Jane Tyrer, Criminal Justice: An Introduction to the Criminal Justice System in England and Wales (3rd edn, Pearson-Longman 2010) [5] Bryan Gibson, Criminal Justice Act: The Statute (1st edn, Waterside Press 2005) [6] Gary Slapper and Kelly David, The English Legal System (8th edn, Routledge-Cavendish 2006) [7] UK Government Jury Service accessed 30 December 2016 [8] Huddersfield Examiner Juror in Leeds court because she found trial boring Huddersfield Daily Examiner (Huddersfield, 21 February 2012) [9] Juries Act 1974 [10] Criminal Justice Act 2003 [11] [2008] AC 507 (HL) [12] Linda Woolhether The Disadvantages of the Jury System accessed 2nd January 2017 [13] Roger Matthews, Lynn Hancock and Daniel Briggs, Jurors perceptions, understanding, confidence and satisfaction in the jury system: a study in six courts (Home Office, May 2004) accessed 3 January 2017 [14] Cheryl Thomas Are juries fair? (Ministry of Justice, February 2010) accessed 3 January 2017 [15] Cheryl Thomas Diversity and Fairness in the Jury System (Ministry of Justice, June 2007) accessed 4 January 2017

The Media During Times of War Essay -- Television Media TV Essays

The Media During Times of War The media has always tried to keep us as informed as possible on the events around us. Recently with the war in Iraq, the media has been doing what they can to keep all of us back at home aware of what’s happening. Some people feel that the amount of coverage given is â€Å"Un-American† while others think that the media is just doing what ever George W. Bush wants. The media has done only what they’ve always done, tried to get the story and make a name for themselves. On the ABS archives website, the titles alone show that the media isn’t a puppet to Bush; Two Soldiers Shot Dead in Mosul, US Soldier Killed in Blast North of Baghdad, Iraqi Oil Security Chief Killed in Mosul: Police, US Forces Kill Hungarian Student in Iraq, and several others missing a positive vibe (ABC). If the media was a puppet for Bush, I don’t think we’d be seeing all of this negative war coverage. This is where the other point of view comes in. Some people believe that all of the anti-war coverage along with the details repo... The Media During Times of War Essay -- Television Media TV Essays The Media During Times of War The media has always tried to keep us as informed as possible on the events around us. Recently with the war in Iraq, the media has been doing what they can to keep all of us back at home aware of what’s happening. Some people feel that the amount of coverage given is â€Å"Un-American† while others think that the media is just doing what ever George W. Bush wants. The media has done only what they’ve always done, tried to get the story and make a name for themselves. On the ABS archives website, the titles alone show that the media isn’t a puppet to Bush; Two Soldiers Shot Dead in Mosul, US Soldier Killed in Blast North of Baghdad, Iraqi Oil Security Chief Killed in Mosul: Police, US Forces Kill Hungarian Student in Iraq, and several others missing a positive vibe (ABC). If the media was a puppet for Bush, I don’t think we’d be seeing all of this negative war coverage. This is where the other point of view comes in. Some people believe that all of the anti-war coverage along with the details repo...